Kenneth: /* Writing a CD */

2019-11-04T21:53:17Z

Writing a CD

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==Coasterless CD Burning==
[http://www.troubleshooters.com/linux/coasterless.htm Coasterless CD Burning]

[http://www.troubleshooters.com/linux/cdrw.htm Installing Your ATAPI CDRW Drive in Linux]

===Accurately Reading a CD Device===
Install mkisofs package:
yum install mkisofs

How to consistently read the correct number of blocks.
isoinfo -d -i /dev/cdrom

"Logical block size is: 2048" and "Volume size is: 329989"
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=image.iso bs=2048 count=329989 conv=notrunc,noerror

rawread script:
<nowiki>
#!/bin/sh
device=$1

blocksize=`isoinfo -d -i $device | grep "^Logical block size is:" | cut -d " " -f 5`
if test "$blocksize" = ""; then
echo catdevice FATAL ERROR: Blank blocksize >&2
exit
fi

blockcount=`isoinfo -d -i $device | grep "^Volume size is:" | cut -d " " -f 4`
if test "$blockcount" = ""; then
echo catdevice FATAL ERROR: Blank blockcount >&2
exit
fi

command="dd if=$device bs=$blocksize count=$blockcount conv=notrunc,noerror"
echo "$command" >&2
$command
</nowiki>

rawread /dev/cdrom > myiso.iso

rawread /dev/cdrom | md5sum

===Writing a CD===

Burn Ubuntu ISO:
cdrecord -v -dev /dev/cdrw ubuntu-18.04.3-server-amd64.iso

Report SCSI number of your CDRW:
cdrecord -scanbus
cdrecord dev=ATA -scanbus

Blank CDRW:
cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=10 blank=fast padsize=63s -pad -dao -v -eject

Burn the CD from the ISO:
cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=10 padsize=63s -pad -dao -v -eject myimage.iso

Proper burning:
* Burn at the right speed
* Pad properly (padsize=63s and -pad)
* Use disk at once (-dao)
* Unless your burner prevents buffer underflow, do no other work while you're burning.

===Make sure the CD is properly padded===
cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=10 '''padsize=63s -pad''' -dao -v -eject /home/myuid/myiso.iso

===Disk at Once===
This argument helps clarify to CD readers where the last block is:
cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=10 padsize=63s -pad '''-dao''' -v -eject /home/myuid/myiso.iso

===Summary===
To burn a CD correctly, you must take care of the following:
* Set up your burner correctly.
* Burn at the right speed.
* While burning, do not perform other CPU or disk intensive work, as it will cause buffer underflow on burners without underflow protection.
* Always pad correctly with the padsize=63s and -pad argument to cdrecord. Without excellent reason, do not defeat the -pad default of the mkisofs program.
* Always use disk at once. In the cdrecord program, you signify disk at once (session at once) with -dao.

===Testing a CD===
md5sum myiso.iso
rawread /dev/cdrom | md5sum

If they match, you've burned a winner.

===Verifying an ISO===
rawread /dev/cdrom > myiso.iso
rawread /dev/cdrom | md5sum
md5sum myiso.iso

== CD Tools ==

<table border="1">

<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrw padsize=63s -pad -dao -v -eject myimage.iso</td><td>Burn ISO image</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> </td></tr>


<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">mkisofs -J -l -r -o foo.iso /path/to/some/directory</td><td>Make ISO</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">cdrecord -dev=/dev/scd0 -speed=n -dao -pad -v foo.iso</td><td>Burn ISO image</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> </td></tr>


<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">gzip < /dev/cdrom > cdrom.iso.gz</td><td>Save copy of data cdrom</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">mkisofs -V LABEL -r dir | gzip > cdrom.iso.gz</td><td>Create cdrom image from contents of dir</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">mount -o loop cdrom.iso /mnt/dir</td><td>Mount the cdrom image at /mnt/dir (read only)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast</td><td>Clear a CDRW</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">gzip -dc cdrom.iso.gz | cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom -</td><td>Burn cdrom image (use dev=ATAPI -scanbus to confirm dev)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">cdparanoia -B</td><td>Rip audio tracks from CD to wav files in current dir</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom -audio *.wav</td><td>Make audio CD from all wavs in current dir (see also cdrdao)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td class="nw">oggenc --tracknum='track' track.cdda.wav -o 'track.ogg'</td><td>Make ogg file from wav file</td></tr>
</table>

== Mounting ISO Images ==
mount -o loop -t iso9660 <isofilename> <mountpoint>

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

==Check if an old burned CD is still Good==
[http://www.linux.com/articles/114128 CLI Magic: Is that CD still fresh?]

cdck -i

===Make an ISO Image===
[http://www.granneman.com/techinfo/linux/burningcds/makeanisoimage.htm Make an ISO Image]
dd if=/dev/dvd of=dvd.iso # for dvd
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=cd.iso # for cdrom
dd if=/dev/scd0 of=cd.iso # if cdrom is scsi

[http://www.cpqlinux.com/cdrw.html ISO, CDR, and CDRW in Linux]
mkisofs -RJ -o image.iso /burndirectory/
mkisofs -J -o image.iso /burndirectory

dd if=/dev/cdrom of=image.iso
cat /dev/cdrom >image.iso

cdrecord -v dev=3,0,0 image.iso

mkdir /mnt/isotest
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/isotest -o loop
ls /mnt/isotest

# Setting up your system to work with cdrecord
# append="hda=ide-scsi"
cdrecord -scanbus

[http://sharkysoft.com/tutorials/linuxtips/cdcommands/ Command-line CD-ROM burning in Linux]
mount -t iso9660 -o loop image.iso /mnt/isoimage
umount /mnt/isoimage
mkisofs -f -R -r -l -J -Vvolid -Aappid -Ppubid -odest.iso src

[http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialCDBurn.html YoLinux Tutorial: Burning a CD or DVD]
*LOTS of details

[http://tldp.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html CD-Writing HOWTO]
*Good Details

[http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cdburn.html IBM: Burning CDs on Linux]
*Linux SCSI emulation adventures

*[http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/redhat-fedora-linux-help/53115-cd-burning-problem.html cd burning problem] (forum)
*[http://lists.xensource.com/archives/html/xen-users/2006-09/msg00011.html No CD-Recorder available...] (thread)
cdrecord -v -tao -data speed=8 dev=/dev/hdc your_file.iso
cdrecord -dev=ATA:1,0,0 Desktop/berry-0.72.iso
cdrecord -dev=/dev/hdc Desktop/berry-0.72.iso

== Notes ==

[http://www.linux.com/archive/articles/33164 Linux 2.6 and the ide-scsi module]
* Do not use the ide-scsi module any more

Linux/CD Burning - Revision history

Kenneth: /* Writing a CD */