Mac OS X

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Shortcut Keys

Shotcut Keys
KeysResult
Command+Option+Escape Force Quit Applications
Command+Escape FrontRow
Command+Shift+3/4 Screen Capture
Command+Option+d Show/Hide Dock

Keyboard Mappings

[Image:Mac_keys.png]
Windows keyboard equivalents
MacWindows
ShiftShift
ControlCtrl
OptionWindows Key
CommandAlt

The Command button is the most frequently used button.

Remapping Windows Keyboard

Mac mini, Windows Keyboard DoubleCommand Tips for Using Windows-Centric Keyboards in Mac OS X

Deselect all initial options, and select the "Command key acts as option key" "Option key acts as command key".

Other Shortcut References

  • Top X keyboard shortcuts in OS X [1]
  • Keyboard shortcuts in OS X [2]
  • Comparison between Mac and Windows XP Shortcuts [3]
  • Mac mini, Windows Keyboard [4]
  • Mac Keyboard Shortcuts [5]
  • Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts [6]
  • Mac OS X: Shortcuts for taking pictures of the screen [7]
  • Mac OS: Apple Pro Keyboard Shortcuts for Shut Down and Restart [8]
  • Tips for Sharing Keyboards and Monitors

Boot Keystrokes

C - Boot from CD/DVD
X - Force OS X startup (if you booted into other OS previously)
F12 - Eject CD/DVD drive (hold down for two seconds)
Mouse - Eject CD on boot, Hold Mouse button down immediately after powering on
Option	- Startup Manager (Windows Key, or Alt on one computer) [9] [10]

Note: Disk Utility - Start from your Mac OS X Install disc [11]

References:

Programs

General

Version Tracker [12]

Find, download, and rate software.

Quicken Replacement

Money Dance [13]

Personal finance manager for Mac, Windows and Linux

Messenger

Adium [14]

Adium is a free instant messaging application for Mac OS X that can connect to AIM, MSN, Jabber, Yahoo, and more.

Games

Bolo [15]

Multi player tank game

Other

Quicksilver [16]

A unified, extensible interface for working with

applications, contacts, music, and other data.

Virtualization

Virtual Box

http://www.virtualbox.org/

free

http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/2.0.6/VirtualBox-2.0.6-39760-OSX_x86.dmg

Source: VMware Communities: vmware player for Mac OSX

Boot Camp

Boot Camp to some other OS such as Linux or Windows. Install and run Player, Workstation, or Server.

Parallells

Image and Paint Programs

Seashore

Seashore

Seashore is an open source image editor for Mac OS X's Cocoa framework. It features gradients, textures and anti-aliasing for both text and brush strokes. It supports multiple layers and alpha channel editing. It is based around the GIMP's technology and uses the same native file format.

However, unlike the GIMP, Seashore only aims to serve the basic image editing needs of most computer users, not to provide a replacement for professional image editing products. Seashore was created by Mark Pazolli who led the project until the end of 2009.

Paintbrush

Paintbrush

Paintbrush is a simple paint program for Mac OS X, reminiscent of Microsoft Paint and Apple’s own now-defunct MacPaint. It provides users with a means to make simple images quickly, something which has been noticeably absent from the Mac for years.

When Apple released the original Macintosh in 1984, they included two applications: MacWrite and MacPaint. Twenty-five years later, every Mac still includes a basic text editor in TextEdit, but a simple paint program is a thing of the past.

Enter Paintbrush.

Picasa

Apple - Downloads - Imaging & 3D - Picasa

The easy way to find, edit, and share your photos.

  • Organize: Manage your photos in one place, and find photos you forgot you had
  • Edit: Eliminate scratches & blemishes, fix red-eye, crop and more
  • Create: Turn photos into movies, collages, slideshows and more
  • Share: Upload seamlessly to Picasa Web Albums to share with friends, family & the world

Simple Photo Editor

Apple - Downloads - Automator Actions - Simple Photo Editor

This is a simple photo editor, drag on a picture onto the app, and it will prompt you with the effects you can make to it. Now compatible with Mac OS X 10.5.2

Xee

Apple - Downloads - Imaging & 3D - Xee

A lightweight, fast and convenient image viewer and browser. It is designed to be a serious tool for image viewing and management, with a sleek and powerful interface.

Xee is useful as a more powerful replacement for Preview, or most any other image viewer available on Mac OS X. It is very fast, and uses less memory than most other image viewing tools. It also uses OpenGL to display and scroll images much more smoothly than other viewers. Its interface is highly streamlined and has easily configurable keyboard shortcuts.

Xee can:

  • Display a large number of image formats - any format QuickTime or Preview can open, plus several more, including PCX, Maya IFF and Amiga IFF-ILBM.
  • Easy browse through folders of images - open any file in a folder and use the toolbar, keyboard shortcuts or mouse wheel to view the other images in the same folder.
  • Many more features.

LiveQuartz

Apple - Downloads - Imaging & 3D - LiveQuartz

A simple and powerful free 64 bit photo editor for Leopard. It is based on non destructive layers and filters. The layers are at the left and the filters are at the right of the window. To edit a photo, just drag it into the window (or layers’ list) and it will be added as a new layer. LiveQuartz handles Multi-Touch Trackpads since 1.8.

LiveQuartz has all the essential tools: The drawing tools (brush, lines, rectangles, ovals), the duplication tool, the eraser tool, the new background eraser, the gradients, the layer moving arrow, the text tool, the CoreImage tool, the rectangle and lasso selections, the hand, and the magnifying glass.

JetPhoto Studio

Apple - Downloads - Imaging & 3D - JetPhoto Studio

A feature-rich digital photo organizing, creating and web publishing software. You could create your photo albums in JetPhoto Studio, and organize photos by notes, keywords, time and location. The calendar view and map view enables to browse and manage your photos in a new way with fun.

JetPhoto Studio is an easy-to-use tool, with just a few clicks, the software can turn your digital photos into beautiful Flash galleries with a professional look, or makes your fantastic web galleries quickly and easily.

Image Tricks

Apple - Downloads - Imaging & 3D - Image Tricks

Software to edit and generate images. It uses Core Image filters that transform pictures to unimaginable extent. Various mathematical algorithms let you generate unique images. The artwork can be used as a background, web-design illustration, for print materials, and more.

  • Easy to use and friendly Interface.
  • 63 image effects and filters (72 in Pro version).
  • 12 image generators (19 in Pro version).
  • 30 unique masks.
  • Import over 20 image formats, including TIFF, JPEG, GIF, PDF, and EPS.
  • Export to TIFF, JPEG, PDF, PNG, and GIF formats.
  • OpenGL acceleration supported.
  • iPhoto integration.

SimpleCap

Apple - Downloads - Imaging & 3D - SimpleCap

Screenshot tool in Menubar.

Features:

  • Windows capture
  • Range selection capture
  • Menu capture
  • Screen capture
  • Application windows capture
  • Widgets capture
  • Timer capture
  • Hide icons on Desktop
  • With mouse cursor image
  • With convenient viewer
  • Available for multi screen

Front Row

Activate Front Row via a keyboard shortcut [17]

Keyboard Shortcut: Command+Escape

navigate via arrow keys (left/right) and enter (select) and escape (go back one level, including exiting the app).

Other Points of Interest

  • My F-150 Mac Mini installation [18]
  • 10 Things Every New Mac Owner Should Know [19]

Enabling SSHD

When I first checked to see if SSHD was running, I was sad to see it was not. 

mac:~ kenneth$ ssh localhost
ssh: connect to host localhost port 22: Connection refused

To enable SSHD, visit "System Preferences" -> "Sharing" and enable Remote Login.

"For Mac OS X users, all you have to do is go to the system preferences and under the sharing tab, select Application and check the allow remote login box. SSH has been the default for remote login since Mac OS X 10.0.1. It came in the first patch to Mac OS X." [20]

Initially I was getting a strange error when trying to connect, after starting SSHD, so I ventured to debug the problem. 

mac:/etc root# ssh localhost
no kex alg

When I first tried to start the service manually: 

mac:/etc root# /usr/sbin/sshd       
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh_host_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key
Disabling protocol version 1. Could not load host key

SSH Host Key Protection provided the details to create the host keys... 

# ssh-keygen -t rsa /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key
# ssh-keygen -t dsa /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key
# ssh-keygen -t rsa1 /etc/ssh_host_key

Enable Apache and PHP

Start Apache: 

System Preferences -> Click Sharing in Internet & Network -> place a checkmark in Web Sharing
sudo apachectl start
sudo apachectl restart

Edit: 

/Private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf

Uncomment: 

LoadModule php5_module libexec/apache2/libphp5.so

Copy php.ini.default: (if php.ini doesn't exist) 

sudo cp /Private/etc/php.ini.default /Private/etc/php.ini

Edit /Private/etc/php.ini and set error reporting: 

error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE
# Change it to this:
error_reporting = E_ALL

You can now start Apache by going to System Preferences. Click Sharing in Internet & Network. Then place a checkmark in Web Sharing. When Apache starts up, System Preferences should display Web Sharing: On. 

sudo apachectl start
sudo apachectl restart

HTML files are stored here: 

/Library/WebServer/Documents

References:

VNC

VineVNC

VineVNC

Native VNC

Enabled Screen Sharing from the Sharing system panel. [21]

I was having this same issue using VNC Viewer from RealVNC, but I have it working now. It appears to be related to the number of colors you are trying to display. The solution is as follows: [22]

  1. Launch VNC Viewer.
  2. Click the Options button in the Connection Details dialog box.
  3. On the Colour & Encoding tab, select the radio button for Full (all available colours) under the Colour level heading.
  4. Click the Load/Save tab and then click the Save button to make this color setting your default.
  5. Click OK to close the VNC Viewer Options dialog box.
  6. Connect to the Snow Leopard machine.

May need to "Turn off Render Cursor Locally" and "Set color to full color" [23]

agile - Screen sharing OSX<-->windows - Stack Overflow - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/177543/screen-sharing-osx-windows

Tutorial: Screen Sharing in Leopard (Mac OS X 10.5): How it works and how it doesn't | MacFixIt - CNET Reviews - http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13727_7-10329122-263.html

Screen Sharing App

"The application is fairly well hidden (which is what makes this a hint!), but you can find it here: /System » Library » CoreServices » Screen Sharing.app. I suggest making a dock shortcut to it. " [24]

robg adds: An anonymous contributor also pointed out that you can access the program via the Finder's Go » Go to Server menu. Choose that, and type vnc://1.2.3.4 in the input box, where 1.2.3.4 is the computer's IP address or DNS name. Screen Sharing will launch and prompt you for a password.

Other Points of Interest

Shutdown or Reboot System from the CLI

"Sometimes that’s useful, but sometimes you’re in the odd situation of wanting a clean restart or shutdown but are in the system via SSH and don’t have the GUI up. Never fear, it’s quite possible. Just issue the following command as the same user that’s logged in to the computer: 

osascript -e 'tell application "System Events" to restart'

You can use the command "shut down" if you want to power off the machine cleanly."

Source: Performing a Clean Restart or Shutdown from the Terminal | Mac Geekery

Change Hostname

Bonjour Name

Computer Name setting in “System Preferences–>Sharing” which really should be called “Bonjour Name”.

FQDN

If you want to set the fully qualified domain name see the following methods:

Method #1

Edit /etc/hostconfig with your favorite editor. Change the line 

HOSTNAME=-AUTOMATIC-

to 

HOSTNAME="your favorite name"

Source: Change your hostname from 'localhost' - Mac OS X Hints

Method #2

There are a couple of preferred methods to do this in 10.5: 

sudo hostname -s foo.bar.com

or 

sudo scutil –set HostName foo.bar.com

Source: setting the domain name on mac os x

Command Line

SSH Access

Login as the user. To gain root access run: 

sudo su -

Networking

IP address

en0 = ethernet 0 en1 = ethernet 1 or wireless 

$ ipconfig getifaddr en1
10.255.31.98

$ ifconfig en1
en1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::217:f2ff:fe52:f9cc%en1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
        inet 10.255.31.98 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.255.31.255
        ether 00:17:f2:52:f9:cc
        media: autoselect status: active
        supported media: autoselect

Set IP address (not persistent): 

$ ifconfig en0 10.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0

Routing Table

$ netstat -nr
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif Expire
default            10.255.31.1        UGSc       37       36    en1
10.255.31/24       link#5             UCS        12        0    en1
10.255.31.1        0:2:b3:c:2f:28     UHLW       37       17    en1    663
[...]
10.255.31.98       127.0.0.1          UHS         0        0    lo0
[...]
127                127.0.0.1          UCS         0        0    lo0
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        0    lo0
169.254            link#5             UCS         0        0    en1
[...]

Set Default Gateway address (not persistent): 

route add default 10.0.0.1
route change default 10.0.0.1

Change VNC Password

/Library/Preferences/com.apple.VNCSettings.txt stores the vnc password
if you change it to "7F513D02E4A8C5E2FF1C39567390ADCA" it should reset the VNC password to "hello"

To show the current password, do this: 

$ sudo cat /Library/Preferences/com.apple.VNCSettings.txt
7F513D02E4A8C5E2FF1C39567390ADCA
$ sudo cat /Library/Preferences/com.apple.VNCSettings.txt | perl -wne 'BEGIN 
  { @k = unpack "C*", pack "H*", "1734516E8BA8C5E2FF1C39567390ADCA"}; chomp; @p = unpack "C*", pack "H*", 
  $_; foreach (@k) { printf "%c", $_ ^ (shift @p || 0) }; print "\n"'
hello

To set a new password (the obfuscated version is echoed back, in addition to being written to the VNCSettings file): 

$ perl -we 'BEGIN { @k = unpack "C*", pack "H*", "1734516E8BA8C5E2FF1C39567390ADCA"}; $_ = <>; 
   chomp; s/^(.{8}).*/$1/; @p = unpack "C*", $_; foreach (@k) { printf "%02X", $_ ^ (shift @p || 0) }; 
   print "\n"' | sudo tee /Library/Preferences/com.apple.VNCSettings.txt
hello
7F513D02E4A8C5E2FF1C39567390ADCA

Source: Manage the VNC / screen sharing password remotely - Mac OS X Hints

VPN

Here are the instructions for configuring IPsec and PPTP VPNs using the Mac:

Configure a VPN Connection http://www.vpngates.com/config_mac.htm

Notes

Make a DVD copy of MAC OS X Tiger | creativebits

"With Mac OS X Tiger 10.4 now in hand, you may want to consider making a personal backup copy. This is an excellent way to ensure you are protected should your original install DVD become damaged or lost. This simple tutorial will show you how to make a reliable DVD copy from Tiger's Mac OS X InstallDVD."


Macintosh Restore DVD: How to install iMovie, iPhoto, or iTunes using Mac OS X Software Install

"This document explains how to install iMovie, iPhoto, and iTunes on computers that include a single Mac OS X Software Install and Restore DVD disc."


How to Reinstall Mac OS X - wikiHow

"Although rare, there are times when it is necessary to reinstall your Mac OS X operating system. With all of the different installation options this process can seem overwhelmingly complicated; this article should help you make sense of the entire installation process."


Mac OS X: Welcome and Install manuals

"Mac OS X manuals in PDF format. Preview (included with Mac OS X), or Adobe Acrobat Reader version 3.0 or later and correctly set browser preferences, are required to view the manuals."


Apple - Find Out How - Mac Basics

"Find out how to use your Mac and OS X Leopard, including the Dock, Finder, Mail, and other features."


Reinstalling Mac to give to a new owner: Reinstall Mac OS 10.4 Tiger

"Part 4b: Reformatting and Installing. Step 7. From here, the installation program will prepare your hard drive to be installed with Mac OS X. Once the installation is complete, the computer will reboot, and you can set up your new system software according to Part 5."
  • NOTE: this would be the point you would give the Mac to the new owner

Boot Camp

Apple - Support - Boot Camp

  • Downloads
  • Manuals
  • System Requirements

Mac 101: Using Windows via Boot Camp with Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard

"Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard is the world’s most advanced operating system. So advanced, it even lets you run Microsoft Windows if there’s a PC application you need to use. Just get a copy of Windows and start up Boot Camp, included with Leopard."

Boot Camp 2.0, Mac OS X 10.5: Frequently asked questions

"Find answers to common questions about Boot Camp. More detail on some of the topics discussed in the FAQ can be found at www.apple.com/support/bootcamp."


Virtual Mac

OSx86 – How To install Mac OS X on VMware Server & AMD 64 « AsenDURE @ Corner of 11th & 20th

"OSx86 – How To install Mac OS X on VMware Server & AMD 64"

PCWiz Computer - (Release) Leopard for VMware Virtual Machine

"Pre prepared Leopard virtual machine for VMware Workstation 6, VMware Fusion, VMware Server (requires a tweak to work) and VMware Player. No configuration necessary, working out of the box."

Vmware - OSx86

"This guide can help you with the installation of Mac OS X on a Windows PC. "

PCWiz Computer - (Mac OSx86) Leopard 10.5.2 VMware Installation Guide

"[Mac OSx86] Leopard 10.5.2 VMware Installation Guide"

PCWiz Computer - (Mac OSx86) 10.4.8 VMware Installation Guide

"[Mac OSx86] 10.4.8 VMware Installation Guide"

MacPorts

FAQ – MacPorts

make sure you have the latest version of MacPorts and of the ports tree by running 

sudo port selfupdate
sudo port upgrade outdated

How do I remove or uninstall MacPorts? 

sudo port -f uninstall installed

sudo rm -rf /opt/local \
/Applications/MacPorts \
/Applications/DarwinPorts \
/Library/Tcl/macports1.0 \
/Library/Tcl/darwinports1.0 \
/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.macports.* \
/Library/StartupItems/DarwinPortsStartup \
/Library/Receipts/MacPorts*.pkg \
/Library/Receipts/DarwinPorts*.pkg \
~/.macports


MacPorts Guide

MacPorts Installation:

Install Xcode Tools

Update port base: 

sudo port selfupdate

List ports: 

port list

Search for port: 

port search [package]

Package info: 

port info [package]

Package installations: 

sudo port install [package]

Packaged uninstallation: 

port uninstall [package]

xattr

List attributes: 

xattr -l BetterZip.app

Removing Quarantine Attribute

When you try to run an application you downloaded and get this message every time you try to start an application 

"..." is an application which was downloaded from the internet...

To remove attribute: 

sudo xattr -d com.apple.quarantine BetterZip.app

Install Linux on Mac

References:

Print Screen

a.k.a Screen Capture

How to Print Screen to a file on the desktop in Mac OS X

The basic functionality of taking a screen capture of a window or desktop in Mac OS X takes an image and dumps it to a file on the Mac desktop. Each uses the pressing of Command and Shift keys concurrently as the basis for execution, followed by a number:

Command+Shift+3: takes a screenshot of the full screen (or screens if multiple monitors), and save it as a file to the desktop
Command+Shift+4: brings up a selection box so you can specify an area to take a screenshot of, then save it as a file to the desktop
Command+Shift+4, then spacebar, then click a window: takes a screenshot of a window only and saves it as a file to the desktop

How to Print Screen to the Clipboard on a Mac

This functions a lot more like Print Screen in the Windows world. If you want to do the equivalent of Print Screen to the clipboard so that you can paste it into another app, these are the commands you’d want to use:

Command+Control+Shift+3: take a screenshot of the entire screen (screens if multiple monitors), and saves it to the clipboard for pasting elsewhere
Command+Control+Shift+4, then select an area: takes a screenshot of selection and saves it to the clipboard for pasting elsewhere
Command+Control+Shift+4, then space, then click a window: takes a screenshot of a window and saves it to the clipboard for pasting

References:

Lock Screen

If you work with any kind of sensitive material—from trade secrets to love letters—you’ve probably wished for a way to block access to your Mac the minute you stand up. There are many ways to do this, from the obvious to the obscure. I’ll cover all the methods I know to accomplish this trick. For most of these methods to work, you need to require a password when your Mac wakes from sleep or screensaver mode. To do this, open System Preferences, go to the Security pane, and select the Require Password to Wake This Computer From Sleep or Screen Saver option. Now you’re ready

  • A simple way to protect your files when you walk away from your computer is to hit Shift-Command-Option-Q to do a fast logout of your user. Your Mac will go back to the login screen. However, there’s a huge downside to this method—all of your currently-open documents will close, and any running applications will quit prior to the logout. Clearly there must be better alternatives, and there are.
  • You could also put the computer to sleep. Go to the Apple menu and select Sleep or, if you’re using a laptop, press the power button and choose Sleep from the pop-up dialog. (Note: This is an edit from the originally posted version, where I said to hold the power button down; if you do that long enough, you’ll turn the computer off.) Of course, it takes a bit of time to put a Mac to sleep and to wake it up. You may also have remote users connected to the machine, or some lengthy program running that you’d rather not interrupt. In those cases, this isn’t the ideal solution.
  • A relatively quick method of locking your Mac—while still leaving your programs running—is to activate the screen saver using a hot corner . To do this, open the Desktop & Screen Saver System Preferences panel, activate the Screen Saver tab, and click the Hot Corners button. Decide which corner of your screen you’d like to use, then click the corresponding pop-up menu and select Start Screen Saver. Now when it’s time to walk away, just fling your mouse into that corner of the screen, and you’ll trigger the screen saver.
  • (favorite) If you have the corners of your screen devoted to Exposé or some other feature, here’s another option. It turns out that the screen saver is just an application, so you can put an alias to it in an easy-to-access location, such as your dock, or the Finder’s sidebar or toolbar. Just navigate to System -> Library -> Frameworks -> Screensaver.framework -> Versions -> A -> Resources, and then drag ScreenSaverEngine.app onto your dock, sidebar, or toolbar. Now when you want the screensaver to activate, just click the convenient icon. The dock will prove the easiest spot to reach, since it’s visible in all applications. If you have a launcher program such as Peter Maurer’s Butler or Objective Development’s LaunchBar, you could even create a keyboard shortcut that will open the program for you, no mousing around required.
  • Another method of locking your system is to show the login window, without actually logging out. You can do this by enabling fast user switching in the Accounts System Preferences panel. Click the Login Options button (you’ll probably have to enter your administrator password to do this), and then select the Enable Fast User Switching option. Once you have fast user switching enabled, you’ll see either an icon or a name in your menubar, depending on what option you chose on the Login Options screen. Click on your name or icon in the menubar and select Login Window from the drop-down menu. The login window will appear. When you return to your Mac, login as you usually do. All your applications will be just as your left them—even your iTunes music will start up again where it stopped playing, even if that means mid-song.

References:

Issues

keywords

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