GPG

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GPG

Install

For basic gpg command: 

apt install gpg

For gpg2 command installed: (just a symlink to gpg) - some programs seem to look for gpg2? 

apt install gnupg2

If you want extra documentation and examples: (very very options) 

apt install gnupg

Summary:

  • gpg has the /usr/bin/gpg (and man)
  • gnupg2' has the /usr/bin/gpg2 (and man)
  • gnupg has the /usr/share/man and /usr/share/doc for general gnupg related (very very optional)

Summary Commands

gpg2 --keyserver https://pgp.mit.edu/ --search-keys <sender_name_or_address>

gpg --import <your-file>.gpg

gpg --receive-keys A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7

gpg --verify apache-tomcat-9.0.16-windows-x64.zip.asc

ref: [1]

Show Keys

List public keys: 

gpg --list-public-keys
gpg --list-keys
gpg -k

List secret keys: 

gpg --list-secret-keys
gpg -K

Export Key

Exoprt public key: 

gpg --armor --export [long_key_id] > public.gpg.asc
gpg --armor --output public.gpg.asc --export [long_key_id]
gpg -a -o public.gpg.asc --export [long_key_id]

Export private key: 

gpg --armor --export-secret-key [long_key_id]  > private.gpg.asc
gpg --armor --output private.gpg.asc --export-secret-key [long_key_id]
gpg -a -o private.gpg.asc --export-secret-key [long_key_id]

Note: not sure why but the --output paramter has to come before the --export paramter?? All paramters just need to come before the [long_key_id] at the end. Example: 

gpg -a --export -o public.gpg.asc [long_key_id]

Default Key

To choose a default key without having to specify --default-key on the command-line every time...

~/.gnupg/gpg.conf 

default-key <key-fpr>

replacing <key-fpr> with the id or fingerprint of the key you want to use by default. [1]

--- or from the command line [2] 

gpg --list-signatures

echo 'default-key:0:"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx' | gpgconf --change-options gpg

Cache password in gpg-agent: 

echo "" | gpg --clearsign

~/.bashrc
alias gpgpass="echo  | gpg --clearsign"

gpg-agent default timeout

Change to 8 hours [3] 

mkdir -p ~/.gnupg
echo "default-cache-ttl 28800" >> ~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf

echo "default-cache-ttl:0:28800" | gpgconf --change-options gpg-agent

echo "default-cache-ttl 28800"gpgconf --list-options gpg-agent 

default-cache-ttl:24:0:expire cached PINs after N seconds:3:3:N:600::28800
default-cache-ttl-ssh:24:1:expire SSH keys after N seconds:3:3:N:1800::

Encrypt Message

Encrypt message to send to another person: 

gpg --encrypt --sign --armor -r person@email.com name_of_file
gpg --encrypt -r person@email.com -r person2@email.com name_of_file

Note: You should include a second “-r” recipient with your own email address if you want to be able to read the encrypted message.

Decrypt Message

ASCII Armor decrypt: 

gpg file_name.asc

Binary decrypt 

gpg file.gpg
gpg --decrypt file.gpg

Quiet descrypt (don't show all the keys that were attempted): 

gpg --quiet --decrypt file.gpg

List Encrypted Receipients

This will list public keys ID the file was encrypted with (as well as some other garbage that can be ignored). If you also have the public key, it will also tell you friendly name for each of those packets (eg. name <email>) 

gpg --list-packets file.gpg

ref: [2]

Sign Message

Sign with detached signature: 

# binary signature
gpg --detach-sign -o sig.gpg inputdata.txt

# binary signature (if you don't specify output will generate inputdata.txt.gpg)
gpg --detach-sign inputdata.txt

# detach with ASCII armor signature
gpg --detach-sign --armor -o inputdata.txt.asc inputdata.txt

# detach with ASCII armor signature (will generate inputdata.txt.asc)
gpg --detach-sign --armor inputdata.txt

Clear sign ASCII (text) input data, including original message in the clear: 

gpg --clearsign -o output.txt inputdata.txt

# will write it as inputdata.txt.asc
gpg --clearsign inputdata.txt

Sign with other key: 

echo "hi" | gpg --clearsign --default-key other@test.com

Verify Signed Message

Verify with detached signature: 

gpg --verify sig.gpg inputdata.txt

Note: Please remember that the signature file (.sig or .asc) should be the first file given on the command line.

Verify clear signed message: 

gpg --verify output.txt

Decrypt message: (Show contents) 

gpg --decrypt output.txt

# write original to file, without signature
gpg -d -o original.txt output.txt

Import SSH to Remote System

gpg --export-secret-key SOMEKEYID | ssh othermachine gpg --import

GitHub GPG

Generating a new GPG key - GitHub Docs
https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/generating-a-new-gpg-key

Create Generate GpG Key

gpg --full-generate-key

List Keys

gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format=long

Export Key

Exoprt public key: 

gpg --armor --output public.gpg.asc --export [long_key_id]

Export private key: 

gpg --armor --output private.gpg.asc --export-secret-key [long_key_id]

Import Key

cat [keyfile] | gpg --import

Trust Key

gpg --edit-key [long_key_id]
 trust
 # - trust level (see below)
 save

 1 = I don't know or won't say
 2 = I do NOT trust
 3 = I trust marginally
 4 = I trust fully
 5 = I trust ultimately

Sign Commit

Manually: 

git commit -S -m "YOUR_COMMIT_MESSAGE"

Automatic for current local repository 

git config commit.gpgsign true

Automatic for all repositories: 

git config --global commit.gpgsign true

Which will set ~/.gitconfig: 

[commit]
   gpgsign = true

[user]
   name = First Last
   email = first.last@email.com
   # can specify the signing key:
   signingkey = B96CBB1FCF115C2XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

To have Git use GPG with a password: 

export GPG_TTY=$(tty)

Have gpg-agent cache the password.

To force test sign from command line, before using an app like Visual Code: 

echo "test" | gpg --clearsign

ref: [3]

Show Log Signatures

git log --show-signature

Example: 

commit dceb035ce7a3de3dc49e62ce61061efd86XXXXXX (HEAD -> ci)
gpg: Signature made Fri 09 Jun 2023 05:12:54 PM PDT
gpg:                using RSA key 6827A8ADAF633B8B03286E15C4D210675xxxxxxx
gpg:                issuer "name@example.com"
gpg: Good signature from "Name <name@example.com>" [ultimate]
Author: Name <name@example.com>

Share Key

gpg --keyserver certserver.pgp.com --recv-key 0xBB7576AC

gpg --keyserver certserver.pgp.com --send-key blake@cyb.org

ref: [4]

Unknown Trust

ultimate vs unknown

You can edit your trust of a key: 

gpg --edit-key user@useremail.com
edit
#  (trust level 1-5)
list
quit

gpg --edit-key user@useremail.com

     trust: unknown          validity: unknown

gpg> trust

Please decide how far you trust this user to correctly verify other users' keys
(by looking at passports, checking fingerprints from different sources, etc.)

  1 = I don't know or won't say
  2 = I do NOT trust
  3 = I trust marginally
  4 = I trust fully
  5 = I trust ultimately
  m = back to the main menu

Your decision? 5

gpg> save

gpg> quit

ref: [5]

Delete Key

Delete secret key first: 

gpg --delete-secret-key [LONGID]
gpg --delete-key [LONGID]

Remove Passphrase

  1. gpg --list-secret-keys
    1. get key id
  2. gpg --edit-key XXX
  3. gpg> passed
    1. enter old password
    2. enter new password (leave blank) twice
  4. save
  5. quit

Ref: https://superuser.com/questions/1360324/gpg-remove-passphrase

keywords

  1. ↑ https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/339077/set-default-key-in-gpg-for-signing
  2. ↑ https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/339077/set-default-key-in-gpg-for-signing
  3. ↑ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61067967/git-gpg-failed-to-sign-the-data-in-visual-studio-code
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